In 4th grade, our first science unit is on waves, energy, and information. In this unit, 4th graders have "transformed" into young marine scientists investigating how bottlenose dolphins communicate. Bottlenose dolphins use unique "signature whistles" to identify and connect with one another, providing us with our first focus question.
We began our investigation with this focus question: How does a mother dolphin communicate with her calf across a distance? Through physical models, like spring toys and ropes, and the Sound Waves Simulation, students visualized how sound energy travels in waves. They created and revised sound diagrams, representing how sound moves through water. These tools helped them understand that sound travels as energy passed between particles—a concept not easily observed without modeling.
Next, we looked deeper into sound waves and energy transfer. The students explored how dolphins' calls reach their calves across distances, discovering that sound travels through water as a series of particle collisions. With each lesson, students revised their understanding, adding new insights to their diagrams. By the end of this chapter, they were able to construct detailed scientific explanations of how sound energy travels.
Demonstrating energy transfer in waves
Demonstrating particle collisions and energy transfer
This last week, we began chapter 3, which brought a new layer of intrigue:
How does a dolphin calf recognize its mother’s call? Through simulations and real dolphin calls, students learned how pitch and volume are represented as wavelength and amplitude. They analyzed unique patterns in sound waveforms and discovered how dolphins use these to distinguish one another. Students connected this to humans’ use of sound patterns, exploring how professionals visualize sound to solve real-world problems.
Why focus on sound and communication? Understanding waves and energy helps students grasp how sound underpins everyday life, from dolphin calls to digital messages. These investigations also build a foundation for future exploration of technologies like the internet and mobile devices. The engaging context of dolphin communication ignites curiosity, making abstract concepts like waves and energy tangible and memorable.
As 4th graders investigate, they gain not just scientific knowledge but also skills in modeling, reasoning, and communication. Our classroom is full of the excitement of discovery every day, as they uncover the hidden mechanics of sound and see the world in a new way.